Terms of Reference for a light study on Pastoralism in the Drylands in HECA Region
Introduction
Oxfam works with others to overcome poverty and suffering, and works in ten (10) countries
in the Horn, East and Central Africa (HECA) out of which OGB focuses on eight (8).
In a recent review of the
country campaign and policy priorities; six out of eight countries that
OGB works in highlighted pastoralism as a key priority.
Pastoralism is mainly
practised throughout areas of rural Somalia, that is, in the Arid and
Semi-Arid Lands of northern and central Somalia, northern and north
eastern Kenya, northern Tanzania, Karamoja area in Uganda as well as in
South Sudan.
Oxfam currently supports
pastoralists’ communities along Somalia-Ethiopia border through a cross
border disaster risk reduction initiative as well as pastoralists’
communities in the Karamoja area in Uganda and Ngorongoro area in
northern Tanzania.
Oxfam also provides
support to communities in Kenya and South Sudan where pastoralism is
part of the livelihood system of these communities.
Concerns have been raised about the future and viability of Pastoralism as a livelihood system.
Some people see it as
unproductive and associate the pastoral system with backwardness,
conflicts, insecurity and poverty, others see it as a livelihood option
for more able community members while others see is as an option for all
communities in the drylands.
There is therefore a need
to review what Oxfam has done on pastoralism so far especially drawing
experiences from lesson learning from countries in the region.
This therefore would call
for a holistic review of what exists internally and externally as well
as the current trends in an effort to find the best or most viable areas
of intervention for pastoralism by Oxfam and best options to support
Pastoralists’ Drylands communities.
At HECA, Oxfam is at a
point where it is looking to strengthen the one programme approach where
there are clear linkages and concrete approaches that support community
initiatives that link response to emergencies to longer term
programming and campaigning thereby improving on their adaptive
capacity.
Oxfam is also looking at developing a common position on pastoralism including what the role of Oxfam would look like.
Oxfam GB will use the
study findings to come up with policies and strategies that provide a
long-term vision in realizing lasting change of female and male members
of pastoralists’ communities in the Drylands and other similar areas
where Oxfam is present in the region.
Similarly, Oxfam GB will
use this study as an opportunity to ensure that a strong gender
perspective is included in our pastoralists livelihood related work and
those women in Drylands areas have their voices, priorities, capacities,
ideas and aspirations driving advocacy and programming in building
resilience.
The objectives of this consultancy are:
- To review and
document what Oxfam has done on pastoralism so far drawing experiences
from lesson learning and best practice information from countries in the
region.
- Identify and document
conditions and processes that help female and male members of
pastoralist communities maintain their adaptive capacity in building
resilience in their livelihood systems.
- Analyse and document
viable livelihood options that pastoralists and other inhabitants
(ensuring focus is on the poorest community members) have adopted in
meeting their food security and other essential services needs in the
Drylands of the Horn of Africa.
- Identify and provide
recommendations on how to address economic and justice issues in the
Somalia regional livestock trade that block women from fair market
access.
- Examine the current
existing pastoralism related policy in the region and identifying those
that have worked well for them from those that are blockers in building
resilience in their livelihood system.
- It’s expected the
study findings will help Oxfam dialogue internally, build consensus and
identify practical strategic priorities for support to pastoralism in
the Drylands in the HECA region.
To achieve the above, it is important to undertake:
- A light touch trends
analysis will be undertaken as well as mapping of current and potential
stakeholders in the region looking at pastoralism in the Drylands with a
focus on the poorest community members.
- Mapping and
literature review of what research, initiatives and learning exists on
pastoralism in the Drylands and women’s economic empowerment in HECA
- Desktop studies,
interviews and focused groups discussions (FGD) to get all the
information on pastoralism in the Drylands including looking at ensuring
women are an integral part of the study.
To do this, Oxfam is
looking to engage a consultant(s) to undertake some light
research/survey for a period of one month to achieve the following;
- Collect and collate
the existing information on pastoralism in the drylands at regional
level including Oxfam GB’s work on the Regional Pastoral programme and
the thinking that went into it as well as looking at evaluations and
pastoral programmes designs from Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya, Somalia,
Somaliland, Uganda, and Tanzania.
- Undertake a focussed
group discussions (FGD) with representatives of pastoral communities in
Somalia/Somaliland, Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda, and document information
on their priorities, knowledge, capabilities, challenges and
recommendations (disaggregated into women and men) in the Drylands.
- Look at the Regional
Livelihoods Framework and assess how pastoralists’ livelihoods
opportunities are addressed within the framework in building resilience
in the Horn of Africa.
- Analyse and document
all viable livelihood options that pastoralists as drylands communities
(especially poorest members of communities) have adopted or could adopt
in meeting their food security and other essential services needs in the
Drylands in the region.
- Undertake a light
assessment on challenges facing pastoralists and how they would want to
resolve any risks and inequality they are facing in order to improve
their livelihoods.
- Examine the current
existing pastoralism related policy in the region and identifying those
that have worked well and those that block resilience building in their
livelihood system.
- Indicate best
possible livelihoods options for Oxfam consideration in their support to
pastoralists’ drylands communities especially those that would benefit
women and the poorest members of the communities while taking into
account equality and social justice in the next five years.
Duration: 1 month consultancy
The assignment is for 30 person-days, from commencement to completion.
The following will be provided to Oxfam GB in the consultancy proposal:
- A proposal and Work plan (with clear time lines) and budget
- Summary of
methodology, approach and tools to be used for information gathering,
analysis, and documentation including how the needs of women will be
addressed in the entire process.
- A clear proposal on
the approach that will be taken to ensure that the consultant is able to
identify and draw on marginalised voices, prioritise gender-sensitive
community processes and how these information will be used to inform
recommendations.
Person(s) Specification:
- A thorough understanding of the HECA region and political landscape
- A strong
understanding of dry lands issues especially pastoralist communities,
resilience, emergencies response and policy arena of the region
- Strong experience in programme and policy development in organisations in this region
- Strong background in research and data analysis and synthesis
- Sound understanding of the major economic, social development and poverty issues in the region
- A strong
understanding of Gender issues and gender mainstreaming, and ability to
apply this within policy and advocacy work in the consultancy
assignment.
- Diplomacy, tact and negotiation skills
- Excellent information gathering and analytical skills.
- Excellent written skills
- Ability to meet tight deadlines and dependable
Key Outputs Expected
Among others the following will be key deliverables expected by end of contract term
- 2 reports, that is, draft and final report (PDF, word) both in soft and hard copies
- Power point presentations for both the regional validation workshop and final report
- Putting together a
regional report of not more than 15 - 25 pages and a 2 – 4 pager
management summary and using agreed upon format between Oxfam and
consultant before commencement of work
Proposed Timelines:
Dates and Activities
June 13 - 14:
Meeting with Oxfam: Briefing & handing over all documents necessary
for background information and agree on the work plan for the
assignment.
June 15 -18: Travel
to Uganda, Meet Karamoja team, Key informant interviews & FGD with
representatives of pastoralists communities, Debriefing and travel back
to Nairobi
June 18 – 22: Travel
to Wajir, Meet Wajir Team (Somalia Field Office & Kenya Team), Key
informant interviews & FGD with representatives of pastoralists’
communities, De-briefing & travel back to Nairobi.
June 23 – 29:
Travel to Hargeisa, Meet Hargeisa and Jigjiga team, Key informant
interviews & FGD with representatives of pastoralists’ communities,
De-briefing & travel back to Nairobi.
July 5: Submission of Draft Report
July 09: Validation Workshop & Feedback
July 12: Handing over of the report
Documents to consult for the assignment
- Regional Pastoral Programme Strategy
- Evaluation Report of the Regional Pastoral Programme
- GROW Strategy & Work Plan 2013 - 2015
- JCASes Kenya, Uganda and Somalia And country strategies
- Cross-Border Pastoralists Programme (Somaliland/Ethiopia)
- AU Policy Framework on Pastoralism
- IGAD Regional Programming Paper (RPP) and Country Programming Papers (CPPs)
- IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRI)
- East Africa Community Protocols on Livestock
Some staff, stakeholders, Consortium & partners to meet
- Meet Oxfam leadership at the regional level, that is, RD, DRDs & Regional advisors.
- Meet Oxfam leadership at country level, that is, CDs and relevant program and policy people amongst others.
- IGAD Liaison Office, Nairobi – ICPALD, ICPAC & CEWARN
- Oxfam GB staff in the region and countries
- Oxfam affiliates in the three countries
- Somali NGO Consortium
- SOMREP Consortium
- REGLAP Consortium
Expected start date: June 13, 2013
Expected end date: July 12, 203
How to Apply:
Interested consultants/teams are invited to submit their applications to the: Email: hecajob@oxfam.org.uk
Deadline for Submission June 8th 2013
8:02 AM
maboko
